Can Red Light Therapy Help Fibromyalgia and Chronic Illness?
- Caitlin Oliver
- Oct 15, 2024
- 9 min read
Updated: Apr 10
*This post contains an affiliate link that offers a discount on the Kala Red Light Therapy device mentioned. I only recommend products I’ve personally used and genuinely trust.
The persistent pain, fatigue, and inflammation associated with fibromyalgia (FM) and other chronic illnesses affect every part of our daily lives. To reduce the exhausting impact of our conditions, we are motivated to look at potential therapies and treatments that can bring relief.
There are many approaches worth exploring, and as you know, there's no one-size-fits-all solution because our bodies respond in different ways.
However, one potential therapy that has been studied and found effective for many people with inflammatory diseases and chronic pain conditions is Red Light Therapy (RLT), also known as Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM). In this blog, we’ll use the common name of RLT or the more descriptive (and scientifically accepted) PBM.
As someone with fibromyalgia, I’ve researched and tried both conventional and alternative/holistic therapies to manage my symptoms. RLT is one therapy that has earned its way into my self-care regime. This post will explore the growing body of scientific research that suggests RLT may be an effective, non-invasive option for managing FM and chronic illness symptoms. While more research and standardization of the RLT protocols are needed, the findings so far have been promising.
We’ll conclude by outlining how to start using RLT, what to look for when considering buying an RLT device, and generally accepted best practices should you incorporate RLT into your routine. As always, I urge you to consult your doctor or another qualified medical professional before introducing any new treatment or device.
Understanding Red Light Therapy: How Does It Work?
Red light therapy (RLT) involves exposing the body to low red or near-infrared light wavelengths. The light penetrates the skin and works at the cellular level, stimulating various biological processes that can reduce pain and inflammation and promote tissue repair.
Mechanisms: Mitochondria and ATP Production
The effectiveness of red light therapy results from its stimulation of the mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell and are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of cellular energy. RLT enhances mitochondrial activity by stimulating cytochrome c oxidase, a key enzyme in the respiratory chain. This results in increased ATP production, which supports faster cellular repair and regeneration, reduced oxidative stress, and decreased inflammation. (1)
Another hypothesis suggests light-sensitive ion channels are activated, allowing calcium (Ca2+) to enter the cell. Numerous signaling pathways are affected after the red light therapy, activating proteins that help turn specific genes "on" or "off" by binding to nearby DNA. These RLT-stimulated proteins can lead to increased expression of the genes related to protein synthesis, cell functioning, anti-inflammatory signaling, and antioxidant enzymes. (1)
Inflammation Reduction and Pain Relief
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of many chronic illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. In a study published by Hamblin, RLT was found to up-regulate antioxidant defenses and reduce oxidative stress, while decreasing inflammatory response. (2) In other studies, this reduction in inflammation has been associated with decreased pain levels and improved muscle function.
For example, a review study on the effectiveness of PBM on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis found consistent evidence in animal and human studies that PBM can improve these conditions. (3) Although fibromyalgia is not primarily driven by inflammation like rheumatoid arthritis, there may be overlapping pain mechanisms, and similar therapeutic pathways could potentially apply to fibromyalgia.
Enhanced Blood Circulation and Tissue Healing
Red light therapy promotes vasodilation, enhances blood circulation and increases the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. This can be beneficial for individuals with fibromyalgia, who often experience muscle stiffness, pain, and fatigue. By improving blood flow, RLT may help reduce muscle recovery time and alleviate some symptoms associated with fibromyalgia. (5)
Psychological Benefits: Mood and Mental Health
Beyond the physical benefits, red light therapy may positively impact mental health. Many fibromyalgia patients also suffer from depression, anxiety, and cognitive difficulties (commonly referred to as "fibro fog"). Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between PBM and a reduction in levels of depression and anxiety. (6)
Red Light Therapy for Fibromyalgia: The Scientific Evidence
Clinical Studies and Pain Management
A systemic review and meta-analysis published by Yew et al. looked at the effect of PBM on patients with fibromyalgia using scores on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), pain severity, and number of tender points. The secondary outcomes were changes in fatigue, stiffness, anxiety, and depression.
The meta-analysis showed that patients receiving PBM significantly improved their FIQ scores, pain severity, number of tender points, fatigue, stiffness, and anxiety compared to those receiving placebo laser treatment. Combined phototherapy and exercise therapy had additional benefits in reducing pain severity, tender points, and fatigue compared to only exercise therapy. (4)
Several clinical trials have examined the potential effects of red light therapy on fibromyalgia symptoms. One study demonstrated that PBM reduces inflammation and swelling, promotes healing, and reduces pain for an array of musculoskeletal conditions.
The authors concluded, “There is evidence that photobiomodulation therapy reduces pain intensity in non-specific knee pain, osteoarthritis, pain post-total hip arthroplasty, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular diseases, neck pain, and low back pain. (7) While more research is needed, this study concludes that RLT may be a helpful addition to a fibromyalgia treatment plan.
Comparisons to Traditional Treatments
Unlike medications for fibromyalgia, such as pain relievers or antidepressants, RLT is considered safe for long-term use and has very few reported side effects.
Moreover, RLT provides the convenience of at-home treatment, making it a flexible option for individuals who might struggle with regular visits to physical therapy due to fatigue or pain flare-ups. When used in combination with other therapies, RLT can be a valuable addition to a comprehensive fibromyalgia management plan.
Optimizing Red Light Therapy for Best Results
To achieve the maximum benefit from red light therapy, it is essential to use the correct wavelength, dosage, and treatment frequency. Here are some evidence-based guidelines to consider:
Wavelength and Spectrum
Red light (630–660 nm) is ideal for treating superficial tissues like the skin, which can be beneficial for reducing inflammation in joints and muscles close to the surface.
Near-infrared light (810–850 nm) penetrates deeper into the body, making it ideal for treating muscles, joints, and deeper layers of tissue affected by fibromyalgia.
Dosage and Treatment Time
Studies recommend starting with a dosage of 4–10 J/cm² per session (J/cm2 is a unit of measurement for energy density, or fluence, which is the amount of energy delivered per unit area).
The RLT is applied for 10-20 minutes per area. Consistent exposure within this range provides the best therapeutic results without the risk of overexposure, which can diminish the effectiveness.
Frequency
Initial treatments should be conducted daily or every other day for the first two weeks, after which the frequency can be reduced to 3-4 times per week for maintenance. Regular, consistent use is the key to achieving and maintaining symptom relief.
Types of Red Light Therapy Devices
When choosing a red-light therapy device, it’s essential to consider factors like the wavelength, power output, and type of device. Here are some US and Canadian recommendations based on those factors and user feedback. Note: I have not personally used any of them except the Kala Red Light Mini:
Device Name | Price | Important Features | Pros | Cons | Website |
Kineon Move+ | $399 USD | Portable, joint and muscle treatment, 650 nm & 850 nm | Compact, FDA-cleared, specific for joint pain | Smaller treatment area | |
Joovv Solo 3.0 | $1,195 USD | Full-body, 660 nm red & 850 nm near-infrared light | Large treatment area, customizable via app | High price, needs space for setup | |
RedRush 360 | $899 USD | Full-body panel, 660 nm & 850 nm | Treats large areas, high power | Bulky, expensive | |
MitoPRO 1500 | $1,099 USD | High power, 660 nm red & 850 nm near-infrared | Wide area, customizable settings | Requires space, expensive | |
PlatinumLED BioMax | $999 USD | Five wavelengths, 660 nm red & 850 nm near-infrared | Versatile, full-body coverage | Large size may not suit all users | |
LightStim for Pain | $249 USD | Handheld, 630 nm red & infrared light | Portable, affordable, localized pain relief | Small treatment area | |
Canadian RLT Suppliers | |||||
Rouge Pro Panel | CAD $1,500 | Full-body, 660 nm & 850 nm | High power, ideal for widespread pain relief | Expensive | Rouge Care |
PlatinumLED BIO Series | CAD $899-1,299 | 660 nm red & 850 nm near-infrared | Effective for inflammation and cellular repair | High upfront cost | PlatinumLED |
Hooga HG Pro 1500 | CAD $1,250 | Full-body, 660 nm red & 850 nm near-infrared | Large treatment area, good for muscle recovery | Large and requires space | Hooga Health |
Kala Red Light Mini*
| CAD $299 | Area-specific, 660 nm red & 850 nm near-infrared | FDA Class II approved, portable, high output for size, affordable | Small treatment area |
*My Personal Experience:
I’ve been using the Kala RLT Mini for over three years. While I’m not always consistent, I’ve experienced tangible benefits when I’ve stuck with it. I find the Kala Red Light Mini cost-effective and travel-friendly, although the tradeoff is that its small size covers less surface area at a time. The most significant improvements I’ve experienced are better sleep quality (I fall asleep faster) and less intense mood swings before my period. Plus, I find the glow of the red light soothing!
I’ve also appreciated Kala’s excellent customer service whenever I’ve had questions about my device. I’d love to try a larger device someday, and based on my experience, I would closely examine the larger-sized models in the Kala line. Visit Kala Red Light Therapy and get 15% off your order on a range of devices (discount is automatically applied at checkout)!
The Pros and Cons of Red-Light Therapy
Pros:
Non-Invasive: RLT offers a drug-free, non-invasive option for managing pain and inflammation.
No Known Side Effects: When used properly, RLT is generally considered safe and has minimal reported adverse effects, particularly compared to some medications for chronic pain conditions.
Can Be Used at Home: Many devices are portable and designed for at-home use, making it convenient for long-term therapy.
Cons:
Cost: High-quality RLT devices can be expensive, with prices ranging from a few hundred to several thousand dollars, depending on the size and functionality of the device.
Consistency Required: To see meaningful results, RLT requires regular and consistent use over several weeks or months.
Limited Research on Long-Term Effects: While research on short-term benefits is promising, more long-term studies are needed, particularly in the management of fibromyalgia and other chronic illnesses.
Practical Tips For Getting Started with Red Light Therapy
For those new to red light therapy, here are some useful guidelines:
Consult Your Doctor: Before starting any new therapy, especially if you have a chronic condition, consult with your healthcare provider.
Start Small: Begin with short sessions (5-10 minutes), and gradually increase the duration as your body adapts. Target specific areas where you feel the most pain, such as the neck, shoulders, or lower back.
Track Your Progress: Keep a journal to track any changes in your symptoms, including pain levels, fatigue, sleep and mental clarity. This can help you decide if the therapy is working for you.
Stay Consistent: Consistency is key to seeing benefits. Aim for 3-4 sessions per week to experience and maintain the results over time.
Should You Give the Green Light to Red Light (Therapy)?
Red light therapy is an emerging, non-invasive option in the wellness space. While research is still evolving, it shows promise in providing relief from pain, inflammation, and fatigue by supporting cellular repair, reducing oxidative stress, and improving blood circulation.
Although more extensive clinical trials are needed to understand its benefits fully, red light therapy may provide a complementary approach for managing fibromyalgia and other chronic conditions.
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Citations:
L. F. de Freitas and M. R. Hamblin, "Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 348-364, May-June 2016, Art no. 7000417, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2561201.
Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):199-212. doi: 10.1111/php.12864. Epub 2018 Jan 19. PMID: 29164625; PMCID: PMC5844808.
Hossein-Khannazer N, Kazem Arki M, Keramatinia A, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of Experimental Approaches. J Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Dec 10;13:e62. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2022.62. PMID: 37041796; PMCID: PMC10082923.
Yeh SW, Hong CH, Shih MC, Tam KW, Huang YH, Kuan YC. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Physician. 2019 May;22(3):241-254. PMID: 31151332.
Weihrauch, D., Keszler, A., Lindemer, B., Krolikowski, J., & Lohr, N. L. (2021). Red light stimulates vasodilation through extracellular vesicle trafficking. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 220, 112212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112212
Ji Q, Yan S, Ding J, Zeng X, Liu Z, Zhou T, Wu Z, Wei W, Li H, Liu S, Ai S. Photobiomodulation improves depression symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychiatry. 2024 Jan 31;14:1267415. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1267415. PMID: 38356614; PMCID: PMC10866010.
DE OLIVEIRA, M. F., JOHNSON, D. S., DEMCHAK, T., TOMAZONI, S. S., & LEAL-JUNIOR, E. C. (2022). Low-intensity LASER and LED (photobiomodulation therapy) for pain control of the most common musculoskeletal conditions. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 58(2), 282-289. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.21.07236-1
DISCLAIMER: The information provided in this blog post is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Red light therapy is not a substitute for professional healthcare. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new treatment, especially if you have any medical conditions or concerns.
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